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What is the difference between 5-axis linkage machining and 3+2 positioning machining?
Release time:
2024-08-17
What is 3+2 positioning machining?
The principle of 3+2 positioning machining is essentially the implementation of a three-axis function at a specific angle (i.e. "positioning"). Simply put, it means that after the machine tool rotates the angle, it is still machined in the ordinary three-axis way.
What is 5-axis linkage machining?
According to ISO regulations, when describing the motion of CNC machine tools, a left-hand Cartesian coordinate system is used; The coordinate axis parallel to the main axis is defined as the Z axis, and the rotational coordinates around the X, Y, and Z axes are A, B, and C, respectively. Typically, five-axis linkage refers to the linear interpolation motion of any five coordinates in X, Y, Z, A, and B.
The difference between 3+2 positioning and 5-axis linkage
5-axis linkage machining is suitable for surface machining and is widely used in fields that require high precision and complexity, such as aerospace, medical equipment manufacturing, etc.
3+2 positioning machining is suitable for flat machining and is widely used in batch production where precision requirements are not particularly high, such as mold manufacturing, automotive parts, etc.
Advantages of 3+2 positioning processing:
1) Shorter and more rigid cutting tools can be used.
2) The cutting tool can form a certain angle with the surface, and the spindle head can extend lower and closer to the workpiece.
3) The tool movement distance is shorter and the program code is less.
4) Programming is relatively simple because it involves pre-setting the rotation angle of the workpiece and then performing three-axis machining. This method is fast in processing, with minimal tool corner interference and an excellent rough machining strategy.
Limitations of 3+2 positioning processing:
3+2 positioning machining is usually considered to set a constant angle to the spindle. Complex workpieces may require multiple oblique views to cover the entire workpiece, but this can result in overlapping tool paths, thereby increasing machining time.
Advantages of 5-axis linkage machining:
1) No special fixtures are required during processing, which reduces the cost of fixtures, avoids multiple clamping, and improves the accuracy of mold processing.
2) Reduce the number of fixtures used.
3) Many special cutting tools are eliminated during processing, thus reducing tool costs.
4) In machining, it can increase the effective cutting edge length of the tool, reduce cutting force, improve tool life, and reduce costs.
Limitations of 5-axis linkage:
1) Compared to 3+2 positioning, its spindle rigidity is slightly lower.
2) In some cases, it is not advisable to use a five-axis scheme, such as when the tool is too short or the handle is too large so that vibration cannot be avoided under any tilt angle working conditions.
3) Compared to 3-axis machine tools, the machining accuracy error is larger.
4) Programming is more complex because it involves the simultaneous linkage of five axes, requiring more advanced algorithms to control the motion of the five axes and optimize the machining path. Five-axis linkage machining can achieve better surface quality, and longer tool life, and allow tools to reach places that are difficult to reach in ordinary machining more freely, but relatively time-consuming.
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